Advanced · 3 resources

Error mitigation

Post-processing techniques — zero-noise extrapolation, probabilistic error cancellation, readout correction — that recover accurate expectation values from noisy hardware without full error correction, at the cost of extra shots.

Why it matters

It is what people actually do on today’s machines while error correction matures, and it defines what near-term hardware can credibly claim.

After this you will be able to

  • Apply ZNE and readout-error mitigation to a real experiment
  • Reason about the exponential sampling overhead
  • Judge mitigation-based quantum advantage claims critically
Start here

2 best places to start

Hand-picked and ordered. If you only have time for one, take the first.

Zero-noise extrapolation, probabilistic error cancellation and more, wrapping whichever SDK you already use. The docs are the best practical tutorial on mitigation anywhere.

AdvancedInteractive toolFree5–10 hours
Quantum Error Mitigation
Cai, Babbush, Benjamin, Endo, Huggins, Li, McClean & O’Brien (2022)

The comprehensive review of mitigation techniques and, crucially, their sampling overheads — the honest accounting of what mitigation costs you in shots.

AdvancedPaperFree5 hours
Also covering this

1 more resource

Unitary Fund
Unitary Fund

A non-profit funding open-source quantum software through microgrants, and running unitaryHACK. A genuine on-ramp to paid contribution work.

AdvancedCommunityFreeOngoing